德佩罗启发的行走木偶

1915年，贾科莫·巴拉与福图纳托·德佩罗共同签署《未来主义宇宙重构宣言》。这份文献标志着未来主义进入一个全新阶段：它构想了一种“总体艺术”，旨在彻底改造日常生活的方方面面——从家具与时装，到戏剧与电影，从音乐与舞蹈，再到广告海报及日常用品。

巴拉以其实验性艺术工坊设计并制作全套家具；而德佩罗则尝试挂毯、靠垫、家具、玩具与模型。他的作品造型简洁，却充满动感与趣味：形似木偶或卡通形象，意在使环境更富生机与欢愉。

巴拉与德佩罗写道：“我们力求实现这种彻底融合，以愉悦之姿重构宇宙，即全然地再造宇宙。”

他们又写道：“未来主义玩具对成年人亦极富实用价值，它将使人永葆青春、敏捷、欢快、随性、无所不能、不知疲倦、本能而直觉。”

活动内容

受上述理念启发，我们将制作一个未来主义动态木偶，正如德佩罗所创，并将其转化为一种机械玩具。

所需材料：

• 彩色卡纸
• 竹签
• 胶带
• 细铁丝（直径0.7–0.8毫米）
• 胶水与剪刀
• 立方体模板（边长7厘米）的复印件，您可自行制作，或于下方下载PDF格式文件。

木偶设计：

• 以德佩罗的作品为灵感绘制人形，线条简洁，风格近乎卡通。
• 可组合不同图像中的部件，从而创造出独一无二、个性鲜明的人偶模型。

立方体制作：

• 打印并裁剪模板，组装成一个边长为7厘米的立方体（若使用复印件，请沿所有实线裁剪，沿所有虚线折叠）。
• 该立方体将作为底座，并设有两个用于固定铁丝机构的支撑点。

曲柄制作与木偶组装：

• 按照所附模板弯折铁丝，制成一个小型曲柄，插入立方体上预先为铁丝钻出的两个支撑孔中。
• 转动曲柄时，我们自动人偶的双腿将随之运动，营造出人偶正在行走的视觉效果。
• 将人偶身体粘贴于竹签上，再将竹签固定于立方体顶部。
• 用胶带将双脚松散地系于铁丝两端，确保其可自由旋转。

活动结束时，我们的“未来主义自动人偶”不仅是一次创意实践，更是对德佩罗那 playful（诙谐）而 visionary（富于远见）精神的一份致敬。正如未来主义者所言，它也将提醒我们始终保有“青春、敏捷、欢愉与无所不能”的状态。

参考视频由学生制作。

借助可购买并下载的练习工作表，还可制作一个“中性”人偶——即未加装饰的素模，可用于多种用途：例如绘制自画像，或依个人喜好为其着装、装扮成任意角色。

The walking puppet inspired by Depero

In 1915, Giacomo Balla and Fortunato Depero signed the Manifesto “Futurist Reconstruction of the Universe,” a text that marked the beginning of a new phase of Futurism. It envisioned a total art, capable of transforming every aspect of daily life: from furniture to fashion, from theater to cinema, from music to dance, even advertising posters and everyday objects.

Balla, with his art house, designs and creates complete furnishings; Depero, on the other hand, experiments with tapestries, cushions, furniture, toys, and models. His creations are simple in form yet dynamic and playful: they resemble puppets or cartoons, designed to make the environment more lively and joyful.

Balla and Depero wrote: “We want to achieve this total fusion to reconstruct the universe by cheering it up, that is, by recreating it entirely.”

And again: “The futurist toy will also be extremely useful to adults, as it will keep them young, agile, cheerful, casual, ready for anything, tireless, instinctive, and intuitive.”

L’attività

Ispirandoci a queste idee, realizzeremo un burattino futurista in movimento, proprio come quelli di Depero, trasformandolo in una sorta di giocattolo meccanico.

Required materials:

• Colored cardstock
• Skewer stick
• Sticker tape
• Thin wire (0.7-0.8 mm diameter)
• Glue and scissors
• Photocopy of the cube template (7 cm side), which you can build or purchase in PDF format below.

Puppet Design:

• We draw the figure inspired by Depero’s creations, with simple lines and an almost cartoonish look.
• We can assemble parts from different images, thus creating a unique and personal mannequin.

Cube construction:

• Print and cut out the template, assembling a 7 cm cube (if using a photocopy, cut out all solid lines, and fold all dotted lines).
• The cube will serve as the base, with two supports for the wire mechanism.

Making the crank and assembling the puppet:

• By bending the wire according to the provided template, we’ll create a small crank that can be inserted into the two cube supports previously drilled for the wire.
• When operated, the legs of our automaton will move, giving the impression that the mannequin is walking.
• The figure will be glued to a skewer to secure it to the cube.
• The feet will be attached to the wire with tape, loosely but allowing them to rotate freely.

At the end of the activity, our “Futurist Automaton” will not only be a creative exercise, but also a tribute to Depero’s playful and visionary spirit. And, just as the Futurists wrote, it will remind us to always remain “young, agile, joyful, and ready for anything.”

The reference video was created by students.

With the purchasable and downloadable worksheets, it is also possible to build a “neutral” mannequin, without decorations, which can be dressed and used in other ways, for example by making a self-portrait or dressing and decorating it as a character of our choice.