超现实主义启发的拼贴艺术作品
原文链接：https://thatartteacher.com/2020/07/21/surrealism-inspired-collage-artworks/
日期： 2020-07-21
作者： Sierra Machado
分类： 美术教程、远程教学、长课时教案
标签： 美术远程教学资源、美术教育、美术教案、分步美术课、拼贴、初中生拼贴艺术、拼贴艺术课、DIY拼贴、拼贴灵感、分步拼贴课、拼贴肖像教程、精选、受汉娜·霍赫启发的美术课、如何做拼贴、如何创作拼贴、杂志拼贴、超现实主义、超现实主义启发的拼贴、教学、那位美术老师
拼贴是一种极佳的探索创意与偶然性的技法。你无法完全预设最终效果，因为你受限于所用素材中已有的图像。它适用于任何学段的课堂——那些自称“不会画画”的学生，也能在不依赖绘画技巧的前提下，专注于表达想法。
本文将分享两种可直接用于课堂的拼贴艺术创作方案！
两套方案均仅需极少材料，且完全适配远程教学。《梦境风景》是我在远程教学期间最受欢迎的选题之一。#2020。我曾将这些技法与构思应用于从五年级至十二年级的各年龄段学生。
我尤为喜爱讲授这类作品，因其蕴含丰富的艺术史关联。
它还向学生传递一个关键理念：艺术不必悦目、不必可预测；艺术亦可成为一种反叛形式。
教学动因
若你在谷歌搜索“什么是超现实主义”，便会看到如下内容。
本单元起始，我会先展示萨尔瓦多·达利《记忆的永恒》等广为人知的经典超现实主义作品（https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79018），再深入探讨达达主义运动及艺术家汉娜·霍赫。我略去达利创作中自我诱发幻觉的部分，但总会展示这张照片，以引发青春期学生的强烈反应。
嘿，同学们。
https://www.artsy.net/artist/hannah-hoch
https://www.artsy.net/artist/hannah-hoch
https://www.artsy.net/artist/hannah-hoch
https://www.artsy.net/artist/hannah-hoch
汉娜·霍赫是一位极佳的教学聚焦对象：身为德国女性艺术家，她在女性社会角色仍被严重束缚的时代，已卓然崛起。她约于1917年因达达主义作品崭露头角，并持续创作具讽刺性与政治锋芒的作品，直至1978年逝世。我总提醒学生：美国女性于1920年才赢得选举权，因此，一位女性艺术家敢于批判性别期待、质疑政治结构，实属极为勇敢而离经叛道之举。
达达主义是一场极富趣味的艺术运动，无论面向何种年龄层的学生，皆能引发强烈反响。依据学生年龄，你可着重引导其理解该流派所植根的历史语境。
达达主义定义
http://www.moma.org
我认为，课堂中的艺术实践至关重要，但必须与关于“人类为何创造艺术”的讨论及理解相平衡。多数学生未来未必成为职业艺术家，但所有学生皆可从理解视觉概念与艺术史运动中获益。
若你对更多达达主义启发的美术课感兴趣，请参阅我的“精美尸体”绘画游戏专题文章！
这通常是我开学首日的破冰活动；而在新冠疫情期间，我也收到了一些学生与家人共同完成的精彩范例。
实施方法
课堂管理小贴士：
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学生接触杂志前，请教师先行筛选。 比基尼模特、酒类广告、伟哥广告、性知识栏目……你懂的。
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为图像搜集预留充足且有结构的时间。 学生往往无法立刻找到所需图像，许多人甚至尚不清楚自己究竟在寻找什么。依据学段差异，我发觉结构化安排效果尤佳。例如，可先组织全班共同搜寻特定类型图像：针对梦境风景拼贴，最初几分钟可专注寻找富有表现力的天空与地平线图像。鼓励学生将浏览过程中任何令其眼前一亮的图像悉数收集并保存。
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预先整理图像。 我会请学生助教（若学校配备此岗位！）或提前完成任务的学生，从杂志中筛选特定类型图像。可整页撕下并分类存放，避免学生面对整本杂志时分心。有时学生易沉浸于阅读文章，或因选项过多而抱怨“这本什么都没有！”——按本单元主题预先分装成叠或归入文件夹的图像，有助于消除干扰、提升课堂效率。
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探讨图像所承载的意涵。 学生须意识到：他们所借用的图像常出自付费摄影师之手，且多含可辨识的人物或文化元素。拼贴作品需进行足够程度的再创作，使之成为全新构想（此时恰是讲解版权意识的良机！）。同时，学生也需理解：其作品可能有意或无意地传达出某种立场。关注图像组合中对性别、种族与文化的呈现方式，并保持尊重，至关重要。
梦境风景艺术作品
此创作亦是强化“空间”概念的有趣实践。学生需从画面后方开始构建，初时稍显困难！我使用《国家地理》杂志，另备有大量钓鱼与狩猎类杂志（#俄克拉荷马州），均为捐赠所得。
学生范例：
超现实主义肖像拼贴
这件作品能产生非常怪诞又有趣的视觉效果。据我的教学经验，这项活动比“梦境风景”创作更简单。人脸的组织安排不像风景画那样具有深度，而且面部特征在杂志上很容易就能找到。
学生可以创作自画像、表情反应画，或者干脆拥抱这种技法带来的随机性。
我将自己的作品粘贴在[剃须膏大理石纹纸]（https://youtu.be/zq7MYBtz3Ok）上——这种纸我通常用于版画印刷。[水彩滴流绘画]（https://youtu.be/Wj-aPv4XsoM）也是一种很有趣的综合材料表现方式。
学生还可以以这张肖像为起点，进一步添加手绘或绘画细节。具体如何开展，取决于你的授课年龄段和本单元的教学目标。本视频已可直接用于课堂教学，每个步骤均有详细说明。
[本教程]（https://youtu.be/_FeL7SCaRik）将人脸简化为仅具表现力的面部特征。
如果你想稍作变化，我强烈推荐你了解以下几位拼贴艺术家：
尽管只有汉娜·霍赫（Hannah Höch）属于超现实主义流派，其余三位也都是运用拼贴进行个人表达与社会批判的杰出范例。
[厄文·A·约翰逊]（http://www.ervinajohnson.com/）
[马索戈纳·西拉]（https://superselected.com/art-collage-works-by-massogona-sylla/）
[汉娜·霍赫]（https://www.moma.org/artists/2675）
[罗玛尔·比尔登]（https://beardenfoundation.org/）
非常期待听到你的反馈！欢迎随时提出问题或分享感想，也请告诉我你是否已在自己的课堂中尝试过这项活动 😀
[提交表单]（https://thatartteacher.com/2020/07/21/surrealism-inspired-collage-artworks/）
[注册订阅]（https://thatartteacher.com/?post_type=post&p=1979）
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遮蔽诗歌是我最喜爱的融合文学与视觉艺术的方式之一……
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如果你正为新学年做准备，且已感到……
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我非常激动地终于推出这套可编辑Google幻灯片——专为艺术史教学设计……
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Surrealism Inspired Collage Artworks
Original: https://thatartteacher.com/2020/07/21/surrealism-inspired-collage-artworks/
Date: 2020-07-21
Author: Sierra Machado
Categories: art tutorials, distance learning, long form lesson plan
Tags: art distance learning resources, art education, art lesson plan, art lessons step by step, collage, collage art for middle schooll, collage art lessons, collage DIY, collage inspiration, collage lesson step by step, Collage Portrait Tutorial, featured, hannah hoch inpired art lesson, how to collage, how to create a collage, magazine collage, surrealism, surrealism inspired collage, teaching, that art teacher
Collage is a great technique to explore creativity and happenstance. You can’t plan exactly how it will turn out because you are limited to the images you have in your source materials. Its great for the classroom of any level because the “I can’t draw kids” can work on expressing ideas without relying on their technical skills.
In this post, I will share TWO collage artwork ideas that are classroom ready!
1.
2.
Both artworks need minimal supplies and are 100% distance learning friendly. The Dream Landscape was one of my most popular choice options during distance learning. #2020. I have used these techniques and ideas with ages as young as 5th all the way through 12th grade.
I love teaching these artworks because the art history connections are extensive.
It also teaches kids that art doesn’t have to be pretty, predictable and that art can be used as a form of rebellion.
THE WHY
If you Google “What is Surrealism”, this is what you see.
I start the unit with really famous and recognizable Surrealism artworks like Salvador Dali’s The Persistence of Memoryand then dive deeper with the Dada movement and artist Hanah Höch. I skip the self-induced hallucination part of Dali’s process, but I always show this photograph to get a great pre-teen reaction.
Sup, kids.
https://www.artsy.net/artist/hannah-hoch
https://www.artsy.net/artist/hannah-hoch
https://www.artsy.net/artist/hannah-hoch
https://www.artsy.net/artist/hannah-hoch
Hannah Höch is a great artist to focus on because she was rocking and rolling as a female artist in Germany during a time where women’s roles were still very stifled. She began being recognized for her Dada artworks around 1917 and continued creating satirical and politically pointed works until her death in 1978. I always try to remind my students that women won the right to vote in America in 1920, so to be a female artist criticizing gender expectations and critiquing political structure was very brave and divergent.
Dada is a really fun art movement to study with students because you will get a strong reaction no matter what. Depending on your age group, you can really focus on the historical context this group grew out of.
Dada defintion
http://www.moma.org
I think creating art in the classroom is extremely important, but it needs to be balanced with discussion and understanding of why humans create art. Most students won’t grow up to be professional artists, but all students can benefit from the value of understanding visual concepts and historical movements.
If you are interested in more Dada inspired art lessons, check out my post on the Exquisite Corpse Drawing Game!
This is usually my first day of art ice breaker, but I had some really great examples sent to me that students did with their families during our Covid quarantine.
THE HOW
Classroom Management Tips:
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Scan your magazines before students get their hands on them. Models in bikinis, liquor advertisements, Viagra ads, sex advice…you get the idea.
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Allow plenty of structured time for collecting images. Students will not find what they are looking for right away and many will have no idea what they are looking for. Depending on your grade level, I have found that structure works really well. Start by spending time as a class looking for specific types of images. For example, for the dream landscape collage the first few minutes could be devoted to finding a cool sky and some sort of horizon line. Encourage any image that stands out to students to be collected and saved as they browse.
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Pre-organize images. I use student aides (if your school has these!) or early finishers to sort through magazines for certain types of images. You can tear out whole pages and organize them so that students don’t have the distractions of entire magazines. Sometimes students will get lost in reading articles or declare “this doesn’t have anything!” when they are overwhelmed by options. Having stacks or folders of organized images based on what your unit is focusing on helps eliminate distraction and maximize class time.
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Discuss imagery statements. It’s important that students realize they are borrowing images from paid photographers and often images of recognizable people or cultures. Collages should be changed enough so that it is a new idea (what a great time to discuss copyright!). It is also important that students understand intentional, and accidental, statements their artwork can make. It is important to be aware of how gender, race and culture can be represented and be respectful with how imagery is arranged.
Dream Landscape Artwork
This is a really fun artwork to also reinforce the concept of space. Students need to start by working backwards, which can be a little tricky! I used National Geographic magazines and I have a ton of fishing and hunting (#Oklahoma) magazines that were donated to my classroom.
Student Examples:
Surrealism Portrait Collage
This artwork creates really wacky and fun result. In my experience, this is an easier artwork than the Dream Landscape. Organizing a face does not have the same depth as a landscape and facial features are readily available in magazines.
Students can create self portraits or reactions or just embrace the randomness of the technique.
I glued mine down to my Shaving Cream Marbled Paper that I usually use for printmaking. Watercolor Drip Painting would also be a fun mixed media approach.
Students could also use the portrait as a jumping off point and draw or paint added details. It depends on your age group and unit goals. This video is classroom ready and every step is described in detail.
This tutorial simplifies the face into just expressive facial features.
If you are looking to mix things up a little bit, I highly recommend checking out these collage artists:
Although only Hannah Hoch is in the Surrealism realm, the other three are excellent examples of using collage for personal expression and social critique.
I’d love to hear from you! Let me know any questions or comments you have and if you’ve tried this in you classroom too 😀
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