诺坦艺术课（正负空间）
原文链接：https://createartwithme.com/notan-art-lesson-positive-negative-space/
日期： 2013-04-02
作者： 米歇尔·伊斯
分类： 五年级、六年级、美术课、拼贴课、文化主题美术课、高中美术、初中美术
标签： 五年级美术、六年级美术、美术课、拼贴、方块延展、高中美术、初中美术、诺坦、正负空间、正负空间反转
诺坦——方块延展剪纸艺术课
（正负空间）
正负空间反转——奥斯汀七年级学生作品
方块延展诺坦练习
《诺坦：设计中的明暗原理》（Dover美术教学系列）
方块延展诺坦艺术课
本课是一堂面向初中及以上学段学生的正负空间诺坦课程。我另有一堂难度较低的课程，面向五年级学生，讲授正负空间反转。点击下方链接或图片即可跳转至该课程。
正负空间反转
教学要点：
（本课源自《诺坦：设计中的明暗原理》（Dover美术教学系列））
- 空间指作品中主体物上方、下方、之间、内部及周围的区域。空间存在于二维与三维艺术作品中。
- 正空间——艺术作品中的形状或形体（即主体物）。
- 负空间——围绕主体物的空间，即主体物之间与周围那些空白的、或视觉上不具主导性的区域。
- 正负空间反转——正空间与负空间在视觉上的互换。
- “诺坦”（Notan） 是一个日语词汇，意为“明暗”。
- 诺坦在美术中的原理定义为：正空间（亮部）与负空间（暗部）之间的相互作用。
- 诺坦理论的核心在于：正负区域应彼此互补，二者须共存且不可偏废其一。
- 诺坦源于东方文化，该文化追求一种更为平衡的世界观。经典的阴阳符号正是这种平衡诉求的体现。
- 平衡指构图中视觉重量的均等分布。中心轴线——一条假想的分割线，沿作品中线垂直或水平贯穿画面。
- 对称式平衡指轴线两侧完全相同；
- 非对称式平衡指轴线两侧形态不同，但视觉重量相等。
- “方块延展” 是一项诺坦练习，旨在研究正负空间的相互作用。要成功完成此项练习，设计中必须营造出平衡感。
课堂活动：诺坦创作项目
制作一幅剪纸拼贴作品，构图需实现正负空间的反转。创作时可采用对称式平衡或非对称式平衡。务必注重工艺质量——保持整洁！
操作步骤：
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任选一种彩色卡纸作为主材。
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用尺子从所选彩纸上裁出一个9英寸见方的正方形。务必保证边角精准——若边长不等或角度偏差，将影响练习效果。
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用铅笔轻描图案，从正方形四边向中心延伸绘制。将图案视作若干形状。你必须从四边同时起刀；不可裁掉四个角，且所有图案不得越过纸面中心线。
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开始从正方形四边裁剪形状。立即将所有裁下的形状放入密封袋中。切勿丢弃任何部分！
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将剩余的主基底（即未被裁去的部分）粘贴于背景纸中央，可呈水平/垂直方向，亦可呈对角线方向。
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将所有已裁下的形状重新摆回原正方形内。
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将各形状翻转（镜像），再粘贴于18×24英寸的背景纸上，使其恰好嵌入原先被裁去的位置。基本思路是：裁下某一部分后将其翻转，令其轮廓与原裁口形成镜像关系，再粘贴固定。
所需材料： 9×12英寸彩色卡纸，或10英寸双面压纹彩纸（10色，共100张） 
；18×24英寸白纸、黑纸或彩色纸；美工刀；切割垫板；固体胶棒
亚马逊双面彩纸链接如下：
10英寸双面压纹彩纸（10色，共100张）
以下为部分参考图例……
方块延展诺坦
方块延展诺坦
方块延展诺坦
*若您选用本课教案，或转载其中文字内容与图片，请务必注明原始出处并附上我的博客链接：Create Art with ME
其他相关空间主题课程：
正负空间反转（适用于小学美术）
Notan Art Lesson (Positive & Negative Space)
Original: https://createartwithme.com/notan-art-lesson-positive-negative-space/
Date: 2013-04-02
Author: Michelle East
Categories: 5th Grade, 6th Grade, Art Lessons, Collage Lessons, Cultural Art Lessons, HS Art, MS Art
Tags: 5th Grade Art, 6th grade Art, art lesson, Collage, Expansion of the Square, HS art, MS Art, Notan, positive negative space, Positive Negative Space Reversal
Notan – Expansion of the Square Cut Paper Art Lesson
(Positive & Negative Space)
Positive & Negative Space Reversal-Austin 7th Grade
Notan Expansion of the Square
Notan: The Dark-Light Principle of Design (Dover Art Instruction)
Notan Expansion of the Square Art Lesson
This positive and negative Notan lesson is geared toward middle school art and higher. I have a less complex lesson that I do with my 5th graders that teaches positive and negative space reversal. Click on the link or the picture below to go to that lesson.
Positive & Negative Space Reversal
DELIVERY:
(Lesson Derived from Notan: The Dark-Light Principle of Design (Dover Art Instruction)
- Space is the area: Above, Below, Between, Within, & Around the main objects in a piece of art. Space is present in 2D & 3D works of art
- Positive Space- the shapes or forms (main objects) in an artwork
- Negative Space- the space that surrounds the main objects. It is the empty or non-interesting space between and around the main objects
- Positive & Negative Space Reversal-visual inverse of the positive and negative spaces.
- Notan is a Japanese word which means “dark-light“.
- The principle of Notan as it relates to art is defined as the interaction between positive (light) and negative (dark) space.
- The theory behind Notan is: positive and negative areas should complement one another. They must coexist without one dominating the other.
- The Eastern culture from which Notan arose, seeks a more balanced view of the world. The classic yin/yang symbol is a reflection of this desire for balance.
- Balance is defined as the equal distribution of visual weight in a composition. Central Axis-An imaginary dividing line that runs down the middle of a piece of art either horizontally or vertically.
- Symmetrical balance means both sides of an axis line are the same.
- Asymmetrical balance means each side of an axis line are different yet equal.
- The “Expansion of the Square” exercise is a Notan exercise designed to study the interaction of positive and negative space. In order for the exercise to be completed successfully, there must be a feeling of balance created in the design.
ACTIVITY: Notan Project
Create a cut paper collage with a composition where both positive and negative spaces are REVERSED. Use either Symmetrical or Asymmetrical Balance in creating your design. USE GOOD CRAFTSMANSHIP -BE NEAT!!!
Instructions:
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Choose a color paper for your project.
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Cut out a 9″ square from the color paper. Use a RULER-These squares should be as perfect as possible, as uneven sides or angles will skew the exercise.
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LIGHTLY Draw your designs from the edges into the center of the square. Think of the designs as shapes. You MUST cut from all 4 sides. Do not cut off the corners & don’t go past the center of the paper with any designs.
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Begin cutting shapes from the sides of the square. Immediately put all shapes into your ziplock bag. DO NOT THROW ANYTHING AWAY!!
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Glue down the main base in the middle of your background either straight or diagonally.
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Place all the cut shapes back into the square.
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Flip shapes & glue down in the mirror image from where it was cut. The basic idea is to cut out the piece, flip it out so that it mirrors the cut out space, and then glue it down onto a 18×24” paper.
MATERIALS: 9×12 Construction paper or 10″ Dual Side Embo Construction Paper 10 Colors 100 Sheets , 18×24 white, black or colored paper, Exacto Knives, cutting boards, glue sticks
Here is the Dual Sided Color Paper from Amazon:
10″ Dual Side Embo Construction Paper 10 Colors 100 Sheets
Here are some pictures to start out…
Notan Expansion of the Square
Notan Expansion of the Square
Notan Expansion of the Square
If you choose to use this lesson or to repost it (written info or photos), please link it back to my blog. Create Art with ME
Other Space Related Lessons:
Positive & Negative Space Reversal (for elementary art)
