陶土面部特征泥板课
原文链接：https://thatartteacher.com/2024/10/04/clay-facial-feature-slab-lesson/
日期： 2024-10-04
作者： Sierra Machado
分类： 长篇教案
标签： 美术教育、美术教师、美术教程、陶艺、陶土、陶土龙眼、初学者陶土眼睛、陶土眼睛教程、陶土面部特征泥板课、初学者陶土创意、学校陶土创意、教学用陶土创意、陶土嘴巴、陶土鼻子、精选内容、高中陶土课、如何用陶土制作龙眼、如何用陶土制作眼睛、如何用陶土塑造嘴巴、如何用陶土塑造眼睛、初中陶土课、简易陶土眼睛塑造法、陶土中眼睛的塑造、人体面部的塑造、高中雕塑课、中学陶艺课、适合高中的简易陶土课、泥板与瓷片陶土课、That Art Teacher（那位美术教师）、That Art Teacher 陶土课、That Art Teacher 教案
我特别喜欢泥板与瓷片类课程，而本节陶土面部特征泥板课能培养（或初步引入！）大量手塑技能。我目前将此课教授给雕塑II班学生，但它完全适用于零基础或仅有极少陶土经验的学生。本课所需空间（及陶土用量）极小，若班级人数众多或储物空间有限，这一点尤为实用。我目前任教于高中，但此前已成功将类似课程教授给六年级学生。
肌理瓷片｜陶土教案
陶土适应性极强，本课可依学生能力灵活调整，适用于小学高年级至高中高阶学生。
制作本作品的关键步骤速览：
导入
学生首先根据自身觉得有趣或具挑战性的某个面部特征进行构思草图。我将本课作为后续陶土半身像创作的导入/引子课。我鼓励学生思考：在制作陶土半身像时，哪个面部特征最令他们感兴趣？或哪个面部特征是他们自认需加强练习的？
陶土半身像美术课
我此前曾采用一种更偏实操的教学方式，聚焦于分步指导如何制作一只眼睛。这对人数较多或经验较少的班级而言，是非常理想的调整方案。眼睛是极佳的主题，既可激发学生创造力，又能锤炼其技能。
近来，我更倾向于给予学生更大自由度，由其自主选择欲塑造的面部特征。我始终会回顾基本步骤，但幸运的是，我所教的学生大多已完成美术I与雕塑I课程，因此具备较扎实的基础知识。看着他们在实践中创造力与自信心日益增长，实在令人欣喜。
泥板制作
学生完成草图后，我们开始制作泥板。我会现场示范使用擀面杖操作。你可用纸板制作模板以切出规整泥板，也可自由发挥，塑造有机形态。许多学生因泥板过小或过薄而需重做一次。我们以拇指宽度为厚度参考标准。
绘制设计稿
泥板制作完成后（通常已是下一节课），我们用木制竹签轻轻勾勒设计轮廓。亦可使用针状工具，但学生有时因尖端过锐而刻划过深。学生须确保作品至少包含三层叠加的陶土（含底板本身），且须融入减法雕刻与肌理刻画。
加法技法
设计轮廓确定后，学生即开始手工塑形与层叠构建。他们可搓制泥条、从泥板上切割形状，或手工塑造任何需以加法方式构建的局部。动手前，我会详细讲解“刮痕—泥浆—揉合”三步法。
部分学生天生对形体与雕塑有敏锐感知，而另一些学生则难以摆脱浮雕固有的二维倾向。我努力引导学生尽可能以三维雕塑思维进行思考，而非仅将平面化或绘图式设计简单附着于表面。
减法与雕刻
待所有层次及三维细节添加完毕，学生便进入减法技法实践阶段。正如其他概念一样，部分学生天然理解雕刻与表面肌理变化；而另一些学生则倾向将整件作品打磨得光滑平整，需教师鼓励其主动探索表面变化。我们运用多种工具进行雕刻与肌理塑造。至今，我仍认为竹签是教室中最实用的陶土工具之一。
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美术史关联
我们在素描本中开展每日美术史热身练习。这无疑是我最有效的课堂管理策略，同时也是融入美术史、美术批评及开展有意义课堂讨论的有力工具。我关于此主题的详细博客如下：
美术史热身练习
我们首先赏析埃及护身符，它们是浮雕雕塑与面部局部的绝佳范例。另一位值得趣味探索的艺术家是以色列艺术家罗尼特·巴拉加。她的部分作品可能颇具冲击力，因此我需根据所教年级精心筛选适切作品。您可在此免费下载我的每日热身练习资料。欢迎以此为参考，设计出您自己的风格！
埃及护身符下载
罗尼特·巴拉加下载
展示方案
此时学生已持续创作一周或更久，陶板尚未达到皮革硬状态，但正逐步接近。这是在陶板背面刻写姓名与日期，并同步考虑展示方式的理想时机。陶板可置于桌面画架上直立展示；烧成后可用环氧树脂粘接金属挂钩悬挂；亦可在两侧穿孔，以更醒目的金属丝悬挂；或在背面用陶泥塑制带孔的卡槽，供金属丝穿过固定。但切记：务必于陶板达皮革硬状态前安装所有展示配件，否则新鲜陶泥将难以牢固附着。
施釉与表面处理
我们利用这些陶板进行试釉练习，使学生充分熟悉施釉技法，为其后续更大体量、更深入的陶塑头像创作奠定基础。我尤其钟爱阿玛科（Amaco）釉下彩，特别是水彩系列釉下彩。虽价格较高，但我仅在小班教学中使用。任何亮光釉均适用，只要施釉细致——有时三遍水晶乐（Crystallex）釉即是最简洁完美的解决方案。
**本文含推荐产品的联盟链接，均为我在课堂真实使用并真心喜爱的教具。若您通过这些链接购买商品，我可能获得佣金，而您无需额外付费。感谢您支持这位公立学校教师的副业，让我能持续提供免费教学资源。
阿玛科釉下彩与水彩釉下彩
我也青睐某些冷处理工艺，尽管丙烯颜料在素烧坯体上要发挥全部表现力，需具备娴熟的绘画技巧。
陶塑面部特征陶板课学生作品
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Clay Facial Feature Slab Lesson
Original: https://thatartteacher.com/2024/10/04/clay-facial-feature-slab-lesson/
Date: 2024-10-04
Author: Sierra Machado
Categories: long form lesson plan
Tags: art education, art teacher, art tutorial, ceramics, clay, clay dragon eye, clay eyes for beginners, clay eyes tutorial, clay facial feature slab lesson, clay ideas for beginners, clay ideas for school, clay ideas for teaching, clay mouth, clay nose, featured, high school clay lessons, how to make a dragon eye out of clay, how to make an eye out of clay, how to sculpt a mouth out of clay, how to sculpt an eye out of clay, middle school clay lessons, sculpting eyes the easy way, sculpting the eye in clay, sculpting the human face, sculpture lessons for high school, secondary ceramics lessons, simple clay lessons for high school, slab and tile clay lesson, that art teacher, that art teacher clay, that art teacher lesson plans
I love a good slab and tile lesson, and this clay facial feature slab lesson builds (or introduces!) so many hand-building skills. I currently teach this to my Sculpture II students, but it can totally be taught to students who have zero to very limited clay experience. It takes up very little space (and clay!) which is helpful if you have giant classes or limited storage space. I teach high school currently, but I have successfully taught a similar lesson to 6th graders.
Textured Tiles | Clay Lesson Plan
Clay is very adaptable for all abilities, and this lesson can be modified for upper elementary to advanced high school students.
Here is a quick view of the steps needed to create this artwork:
Introduction
Students start by sketching out their ideas based on a facial feature they find interesting or challenging. I use this as a hook/introduction lesson for our clay busts we will be making next. I encourage students to think of which facial feature they would find most interesting when creating their clay bust or which facial feature they feel like they need more practice with.
Clay Bust Art Lesson
An option I have used before is to go more hands-on with instruction and focus on step-by-step directions on how to make an eye. This would be a great adaptation for larger or less experienced classes. Eyes are a great subject matter and can allow students to be creative while honing their skills.
Recently, I like to give students more freedom of which facial features they will create. I always review basic steps, but I am lucky to teach a group of students that have had Art I and Sculpture I, so their base knowledge is much higher. It’s so fun to watch their creativity and confidence grow as they work.
Slabs
After students create sketches, we make slabs. I do a hands on demonstration using a rolling pin. You can create a template with paper to cut out perfect slabs, or wing it for an organic shape. Many students have to make their slab more than once due to it being too small or too thin. We use the width of our thumb as a guideline.
Draw Designs
After our slabs are created, which is typically the next class period, we gently sketch out designs with a wooden skewer. You can use a needle tool, but sometimes students cut too deep with the sharp point. Students are instructed to create at least three stacked layers of clay (including the slab) and also to include subtractive and carved designs and textures.
Additive Techniques
After the design is mapped out, students begin hand-building and constructing their layers. They can roll coils, cut shapes out of slabs and hand-build any section they need to build additive layers. I review the score, slip and blend method in detail before they start.
Some students naturally understand form and sculpture, while others struggle to break out of the more 2D aspects of a relief sculpture. I try to coach students to think as sculpturally as possible and not just flat or drawn designs on a surface.
Subtractive and Carving
Once all the layers and 3D details have been added, it’s time for students to explore subtractive techniques. Just like with any concept, some students naturally understand carving and surface texture variety. Some students just want the whole piece smooth and have to be encouraged to explore surface variations. We use a variety of tools to carve and create texture. I still think a bamboo skewer is one of the best clay tool for the classroom.
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Art History Connections
We do daily art history warm-ups in their sketchbook. This is hands down my best classroom management strategy as well as a meaningful tool for incorporating art history, art criticism and meaningful class discussions. My detail blog about that is here:
Art History Warm-Ups
We start by looking at Egyptian Amulets which are a great example of a relief sculpture and a fragment of a face. Another artist that is fun to explore is Israeli artist Ronit Baranga. Some of her work can be provocative so I have to curate pieces that make sense for the grade level I teach. You can download my free daily warm-ups here. Feel free to use this as a guide and come up with your own style!
Egyptian AmuletDownload
Ronit BarangaDownload
Display Options
At this point students have been working for a week or more and their slabs are not leather hard, but slowly getting there. This is a good point to carve names and dates on the back of the slab as well as consider display options. These can be propped up on table top easels, have metal hooks epoxied after firing for hanging, poke holes in both sides for a more visible wire display, or fashion clay notches with holes for wire on the back. Just don’t forget until they are leather hard to attach any display pieces or they will be difficult to add with fresh clay.
Glazing and Surface Treatment
We use these for test glazing so they are very familiar with glazing techniques for their larger and more in-depth clay busts. I really love Amaco Underglazes, especially the watercolor sets. They are expensive so I only use them with my smaller classes. Any gloss glaze works well with careful application and sometimes three coats of a Crystallex glaze is the perfect simple solution.
**This post contains affiliate links to products I truly love and use in my classroom. If you use these links to buy something I may earn a commission at no additional cost to you. Thank you for supporting this public school teacher’s side hustle so I can continue to provide free content.
Amaco Underglazes and Watercolor Underglazes
I am also a fan of certain cold finishes, although acrylic paint takes a skilled painter to bring to it’s full potential on bisque ware.
Clay Facial Feature Slab Lesson Student Work
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